With Biber it is no longer necessary to rely on BibTeX. For maximal portability, the current version includes a Pure Perl BibTeX parser with a Parse::RecDescent grammar, but if available it will use the much faster Text::BibTeX module which relies on the btparse C library. The objective of the first development phase is to have a robust and reliable emulation of the BibTeX processor with the biblatex.bst style file. In other words, given the same .aux file as input, biber should output a functionally identical .bbl file as BibTeX.
Biber also introduces support for a new XML format tailored specifically for biblatex data, unimaginatively called BibLaTeXML. It owes its inspiration partly to the BibTeXML format, but it is far more complex. RelaXNG and W3C schemata are provided, as well as a tool for converting .bib files to biblatexml. To parse BibLaTeXML databases the Perl module XML::LibXML is required. There is also experimental support for Berkeley DBXML databases (with the included Perl module Sleepycat::DbXml).
The advantages of no longer being dependent upon BibTeX are obvious: full Unicode support, no memory limitations, extensibility, etc. In the future, support for communication with embedded or relational databases (e.g. Berkeley DB, SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL) or remote resources via network protocols (such as SRU) might also be implemented.
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Joris has already expressed an interest to move away from bibtex.
Best,
Bas
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